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A confessional statement as the best evidence on which to convict

Admissibility of a confessional statement obtained involuntarily

Admissibility of a confessional statement which is denied

Admissibility of confessional statements under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act

Appropriate stage to object to the voluntariness of a confessional statement

Attitude of courts to confessional statements

Basis for the admissibility of a confessional statement

Condition for the admissibility of a confessional statement

Conditions to be satisfied before a confessional statement can attract a conviction

Conditions to be satisfied by a retracted confessional statement before the court can convict on it

Conditions to be satisfied for an inducement, threat or promise to make a confessional statement to be irrelevant and therefore inadmissible

Conditions to be satisfied for the court to convict a accused person on his uncorroborated confessional statement

Condition to be satisfied before a confessional statement alone can ground conviction

Confession as the easiest way to prove a charge against a person

Distinction between a confession objected to on the ground that it was not made at all and one objected to on the ground that it was not voluntary

Distinction between admissibility and weight of a confessional statement whose contents are disputed by the accused person

Distinction between a retracted confessional statement and a confessional statement alleged to have been obtained involuntarily

Duty of counsel to object to a confession which was obtained in circumstances which violate the fundamental requirements of admissibility

Duty of court where an accused person retracts his confessional statement

Duty of the court to test the truth of a confession

Duty of the court where a confessional statement contains confessions and self-exculpatory parts

Duty of the judge where the voluntariness of a confessional statement is challenged

Effect of accused person alleging that he did not sign the confessional statement

Effect of a confessional statement admitted in evidence

Effect of a confessional statement admitted without objection

Effect of a confessional statement found not to have been obtained voluntarily

Effect of a confessional statement obtained in contravention of section 10(3) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Ondo State

Effect of a confessional statement properly taken in the presence of an independent witness

Effect of a confessional statement which has been admitted

Effect of a confessional statement which has been well proved

Effect of a confessional statement which is inconsistent with the accused person's testimony in court

Effect of a confessional statement which passes the tests

Effect of a confessional statement written for an accused person who does not profess illiteracy and inability to write his statement by himself

Effect of admission of confession statement without objection from the maker or his counsel

Effect of admitting a confessional statement

Effect of a free and voluntary confession of guilt

Effect of an admission that a confession was voluntary

Effect of an admitted confessional statement

Effect of an allegation that the signature on a confessional statement was obtained by force or trick

Effect of an objection founded on the ground that a statement was not made voluntarily

Effect of a not objecting to a confessional statement

Effect of an unsigned retracted confessional statement

Effect of a positive and unequivocal confessional statement made by an accused person

Effect of a statement wrongly admitted as a confessional statement

Effect of confessional statement not taken before a superior police officer

Effect of failure of counsel to accused person to cross-examine the prosecution witness on whether or not the accused person made the confessional statement

Effect of failure of the court to make a finding on the issue as to whether the accused person made the confessional statement

Effect of failure of the prosecution to tender the confessional statement made by an accused person

Effect of failure to object to a confessional statement at the time it is tendered

Effect of objections woven around the denial of the authorship of extra judicial statements or the incorrect recording of such statements

Effect of the confession of accused person

Effect of the plea of non est factum on the admissibility of a confessional statement

Effect of the prosecution tendering in evidence a confessional statement signed by the defendant

Elements of a voluntary confessional statement

Essence of an independent witness when an accused makes a confessional statement

Essential requirement of an independent witness when an accused makes a confessional statement

Evidence which can corroborate a confessional statement

Factors that do not detract from the voluntariness of a confessional statement

How a Judge should treat a confessional statement

How a party can invalidate a confessional statement on the basis of non-compliance with section 120(2) & (3) of the Evidence Act, 1975

How the prosecution can prove that a confessional statement was obtained voluntarily

How the truth of matters contained in a confessional statement can be established

How the voluntariness of a confessional statement must be tested

How to determine whether a statement qualifies as a confessional statement

Importance of a confessional statement

Importance of confession in criminal cases

Meaning and admissibility of a confessional statement

Meaning and nature of a confession

Meaning of a confession

Meaning of a confessional statement

Nature of a confessional statement

Nature of a confessional statement

Nature of a confessional statement

Nature of objections that may be made against a confessional statement

Nature of the duty on the court where the defendant confesses to the crime with reasons

Need for a confessional statement to be obtained voluntarily

Need for corroboration where a confessional statement is retracted

Need for the confessional statement of an accused person to be corroborated and the test to be applied

Options open to a trial court when considering a confessional statement

Position of the law on the endorsement of a superior police officer

Position of the law where a confessional statement is retracted or its voluntariness denied at the defence stage

Position of the law where an accused makes two statements voluntarily

Position of the law where objection is raised to the admission of a confessional statement

Position of the law where the confessional statement of the accused person contained statements in part admission and in part denial

Principles governing the admissibility of confessional statements

Principles guiding the obtaining of a confessional statement through an interpreter

Procedural safeguards for the admissibility of confessional statements

Procedure to be complied with to give validity to a confessional statement

Procedure to be followed to determine the voluntariness of a confessional statement

Procedure to be followed where a confessional statement is alleged to have been obtained involuntarily

Procedure where the statements of the accused are tendered in court

Status of a confessional statement

Status of confessional statement obtained contrary to section 9(3) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, 2011

Tests for determining the weight to be attached to a confessional statement before a court can convict on it

Tests to ascertain the veracity of a confessional statement

Tests to be applied where the confession of an accused person is inconsistent with his testimony in court

Test to be applied by the court in ascertaining the truth of a confessional statement

The appropriate point to raise the involuntariness of a confessional statement

The basis ingredient of an alleged confessional statement

The essence of calling an interpreter where a confessional statement was obtained through him

The need for an accused person who seeks to challenge his confessional statement to be consistent both at the point of raising the objection and throughout the trial including a trial-within-trial

The position of the law on the evidential value of a confession

The position of the law regarding confessions

The primary consideration of the trial court when it is invited to determine the voluntariness of a confessional statement

The principle that a confessional statement is admissible against the maker only

The principle that a confession demolishes any defence of mistaken identity

The principle that an admission by an accused person that he committed an offence is admissible against him

The principle that a voluntary admission by a person that he committed an offence is a relevant fact against him

The principle that a voluntary confession of guilt, if direct, positive and unequivocal is sufficient to warrant a conviction

The principle that confessions bind only the maker

The principle that voluntariness is a test of admissibility and is a question for the trial judge alone

The procedure for determining the admissibility of a confessional statement

The questions a Judge must ask himself before relying on a confessional statement to convict an accused person

The rationale for the tests to be applied when a confessional statement is retracted

The right of an accused person to challenge the voluntariness of a confessional statement

The rule of admissibility of confessional statements

The rule that a confessional statement must be recorded in the language of the accused before being translated into the language of the court

The rule that a confessional statement must be unequivocal to result in the conviction of an accused person

The rule that a confessional statement obtained against the background of inducement or threat or promise is inadmissible

The rule that an accused person's confessional statement should be recorded in his exact words

The rule that corroboration is necessary where a confessional statement does no establish the corpus delicti

The rule that where a confessional statement is retracted, the denial or retraction is a matter to be taken into consideration in deciding what weight could be attached to it

The stage when the voluntariness of a confessional statement must be decided

The test for the admissibility of a confessional statement

The test of admissibility of a confessional statement

Time to raise objection to the admissibility of a confessional statement

Trial within trial

40 subsidiary principles

True test of the voluntariness of a confessional statement

Ways an accused person may object to a confessional statement that is tendered in evidence

Ways in which an accused person can impeach his confessional statement

What a confessional statement connotes

What amounts to a confession

What an accused person who desires to impeach his statement must show

What constitutes acceptable confessional statement

What elaborating on a statement entails

What the court may consider in reaching a conviction with respect to confessional statement

What the law of confession is concerned with

When a confessional statement becomes involuntary

When a confessional statement is admissible

When a confessional statement is made

When a confessional statement is voluntary

When a confessional statement of a co-accused can be used against an accused person

When a confessional statement will be inadmissible

When a confessional statement will be of any value

When a confessional statement will be sufficient to ground a conviction under the Penal Code

When a confessional statement would require corroboration

When a confession is relevant

When a confession will be irrelevant in a criminal proceedings

When a confession will support a conviction

When a confession would be admissible against an accused

When a conviction made solely on an appellant's confessional statement will survive an appeal

When it would be necessary to have evidence outside the confession

When the question of involuntariness of a confessional statement arises

When the tendering of the video recording as stipulated in Section 9(3) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Lagos State, 2011 would be necessary

Whether a confession alone will warrant a conviction without corroborative evidence

Whether a confessional statement admitted without objection requires corroboration

Whether a confessional statement adopted by an accused person can be relied on by the court to determine his guilt

Whether a confessional statement arising from a question-and-answer session is admissible

Whether a confessional statement binds a person other than the person making it

Whether a confessional statement can be admitted and weight decided later

Whether a confessional statement can be objected to for the first time on appeal

Whether a confessional statement inconsistent with the accused person's testimony in court is inadmissible

Whether a confessional statement is admissible by consent or from the bar

Whether a confessional statement is admissible in the absence of the investigating police officer

Whether a confessional statement is admissible in the absence of the person who recorded it

Whether a confessional statement is inadmissible in the absence of the counsel of the accused

Whether a confessional statement is inadmissible where the accused person is not informed of his right to counsel

Whether a confessional statement is one made by a person charged with a crime stating or suggesting that he committed the crime.

Whether a confessional statement is part of the evidence of the prosecution

Whether a confessional statement is sufficient to ground conviction

Whether a confessional statement is the same as evidence given by a witness in court

Whether a confessional statement must state the reason for the commission of the crime to ground a conviction

Whether a confessional statement not tendered in evidence can be relied on to convict an accused person

Whether a confessional statement obtained by threat is admissible

Whether a confessional statement obtained in contravention of section 10(3) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Law of Ondo State can be objected to at any time

Whether a confessional statement obtained through an interpreter is admissible in the absence of the evidence of the interpreter

Whether a confessional statement of an accused person is admissible against a co-accused in the offence of conspiracy

Whether a confessional statement recorded by an interpreter is admissible in the absence of the interpreter

Whether a confessional statement recorded in a language other than that in which it was given is inadmissible

Whether a confessional statement requires corroboration

Whether a confessional statement tendered without objection can be challenged on appeal

Whether a confessional statement which satisfies the requirement under Section 29 of the Evidence Act, 2011 would be rendered inadmissible by reason only of the failure to tender the video recording

Whether a confession becomes relevant

Whether a confession can be contained in a deed of assignment

Whether a confession is solely applicable to one made during investigation

Whether a confession of murder is sufficient to sustain a conviction

Whether a confession relieves the prosecution of its duty of proving its case beyond reasonable doubt

Whether a corroboration is required where a confessional statement is retracted

Whether a court can act on a retracted statement

Whether a court cannot act on a confessional statement without first applying the test for determining its veracity and correctness

Whether a court can refuse to consider the voluntary confessional statement of an accused

Whether a denial of authorship renders a confessional statement inadmissible

Whether a departure from the procedure for taking confession statements renders a statement inadmissible

Whether administering a polygraph test detracts from the voluntariness of a confessional statement

Whether a judge may exclude a statement obtained through improper questioning

Whether an accused person can be convicted on his confessional statement where the defence of insanity is raised

Whether an accused person can be convicted solely on his confessional statement

Whether an accused person can complain of non-interpretation of the confessional statement on appeal

Whether an accused person can object to the admissibility of a confessional statement at the defence stage

Whether an accused person can raise objection to the manner his confessional statement was record on appeal

Whether an admission obtained from a person by questions fairly and properly put to him amounts to a confession

Whether an interpreted version of a confessional statement is admissible in the absence of the interpreter

Whether an objection regarding the voluntariness of a confessional statement can be raised at the defence stage

Whether an objection to a confessional statement can be made at the address stage

Whether an objection to a confessional statement on the basis of sections 14, 17 and 15 of the ACJA would render the statement inadmissible

Whether an omission to read an accused person's confessional statement to him in court vitiates the proceedings

Whether an oral confession is admissible

Whether an oral extra-judicial confession carries a lesser weight than one made in writing

Whether an unsigned translation of a confessional statement is admissible in evidence

Whether a person can deny a confessional statement in the absence of threat or inducement

Whether a retracted or denied confessional statement is inadmissible

Whether a second confessional statement is admissible where the first one is rejected

Whether a signed retracted confessional statement taken in vernacular is admissible in evidence

Whether a statement is a confessional statement where it does not contain an admission of guilt

Whether a statement made by an accused person under caution admitting the offence is a confessional statement

Whether a statement made by an accused person upon demand by a police officer is voluntary

Whether a statement of denial of the commission of the offence by the accused person qualifies as a confessional statement

Whether a voluntary confessional statement will warrant a conviction without corroborative evidence, if it is direct, positive and proved

Whether confessional statement must be taken before a superior police officer

Whether confessions made by inducement held out by persons in authority are admissible

Whether denial of the signature on a confessional statement makes it inadmissible

Whether failure of a police officer to countersign a confessional statement renders it inadmissible

Whether failure of counsel to object to a confession prevents counsel from cross-examining the relevant witnesses for the prosecution or leading his own evidence to establish circumstances which violate the fundamental requirements of admissibility

Whether failure to cross-examine on a confessional statement renders the confessional statement inadmissible

Whether failure to sign the translated version of a confessional statement renders it invalid or inadmissible

Whether hearsay evidence can be used to corroborate the confessional statement of an accused person

Whether it is desirable to have additional evidence outside the accused person's confession

Whether it is desirable to have additional evidence outside the appellant's confession

Whether or not a confession accompanied by an apology amounts to a confession that a crime has been committed

Whether the act of the prosecution tendering an accused person's statement is proof of the truth of its contents

Whether the burden of showing that the confession was voluntary is not discharged by a mere statement by a police officer that the statement was preceded by the customary warning

Whether the confessional statement of an accused can be used against a co-conspirator

Whether the confessional statement of an accused person can ground his conviction

Whether the confessional statement of an accused person is admissible against a co-accused

Whether the confessional statement of an accused person must be recorded in the presence of his counsel

Whether the corroboration of a confessional statement needs to be by direct evidence

Whether the court can convict on a confessional statement after being satisfied through trial within trial that the confessions were voluntarily made

Whether the court can convict on a confessional statement not proved to have been obtained voluntarily

Whether the court may dispense with the personal appearance of the recorder of a certified confessional statement who is the investigator

Whether the Court of Appeal can determine the voluntariness of a confessional statement

Whether the court should subject a confessional statement to tests before acting on it

Whether the expunging of a written confessional statement renders an oral confession inadmissible

Whether the fact that an accused person has signed a statement means that the statement was made by him and that it was voluntary

Whether the fact that the superior police officer who attested to a confessional statement was not called to testify affects the voluntariness of the statement

Whether the failure of an interpreter to sign a confessional statement renders the statement inadmissible

Whether the failure to record a confessional statement in the presence of a legal practitioner would render the statement inadmissible

Whether the inadmissibility of a confessional statement is sufficient to vitiate a conviction where there is independent evidence on record

Whether the interpreted version of a confessional statement must be tendered in court by the interpreter

Whether the issue of a statement being a confession or not is a question for the Judge to decide

Whether the person through whom an accused person made a statement must be called where the statement was not made through an interpreter

Whether the Police can obtain a confessional statement from an accused person

Whether the prosecution need not prove the case against the Defendant beyond reasonable doubt once a confessional statement is admitted

Whether the recording of a confessional statement in the official language of the courts can affect its admissibility

Whether there is need for corroboration where the confession is direct and positive

Whether the retracted statement of a co-accused person can be used to convict an accused person

Whether there would be a need for the courts to look outside the confessional statement of an accused person where he did not resile in his testimony in court

Whether the statement of an accused person is inadmissible merely because it was taken in a language different from the person making it

Whether the voluntariness of a confessional statement can be challenged on appeal

Whether the voluntariness of a confessional statement can be tested in a trial-within-trial where the objection was raised at the defence stage of the proceedings

Whether the voluntary confessional statement of an accused alone is enough to sustain his conviction

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