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Circumstance when conspirators will be deemed to have committed the substantive offence

Conspiracy under the Penal Code

Effect of the prosecution proving some community effort on the part of the accused persons aimed at committing a crime

Essential ingredient of the offence of conspiracy

General principles on the offence of conspiracy

How conspiracy is proved

How the court should determine whether the minds of the accused persons met to commit an offence

How the courts arrive at the conclusion that conspiracy has been committed

How the offence of conspiracy can be inferred by the court

How the offence of conspiracy is committed/How it can be proved

How the offence of conspiracy may be constituted

How to prove the element of meeting of minds in the offence of conspiracy

Ingredients of the offence of conspiracy

Meaning and nature of the offence of conspiracy

Meaning and proof of the offence of conspiracy

Meaning of conspiracy

Nature and proof of the offence of conspiracy

Nature of evidence required to prove conspiracy

Nature of the offence of conspiracy

Nature of the offence of conspiracy

Position of the law on the offence of conspiracy

Position of the law where the case for the prosecution suggests that a conspiracy existed between the accused and persons unknown and there is evidence to that effect

Position of the law where the evidence sought to be relied on in support of a count charging a substantive offence is the same as that to be given in support of a count charging a conspiracy to commit the same offence

Proof of conspiracy under Act 29 and Act 30

The gist of the offence of conspiracy

The impropriety of including a count of conspiracy to commit an offence as well as a count for actually committing the offence itself where the evidence to support the two counts are the same

The major ingredient of the offence of conspiracy

The mens rea of the offence of conspiracy

The rule that conspiracy and the offence committed in pursuance thereof are two separate and distinct offences

The rule that conspiracy is a matter of inference to be deduced by the trial Court

The rule that courts should first deal with the substantive offence where the facts of conspiracy to commit an offence are intricately woven with the facts of the substantive offence

The test of conspiracy

Theories of conspiracy

Ways by which conspiracy may be formed

Ways in which the offence of conspiracy can be committed

What conspiracy connotes

What constitutes the offence of conspiracy

What must be proved to secure conviction for the offence of conspiracy

What the court is required to determine in a charge of conspiracy

What the offence of conspiracy entails under the Criminal and other Offences Act, 1960 (Act 29)

When conspiracy is said to have been completed

When the offence of conspiracy is committed

When the offence of conspiracy is complete

When the offence of conspiracy is complete and how it can be inferred by the court

When the offence of conspiracy will be shown to have been committed

Whether a charge of conspiracy is a different charge from that of the substantive offence

Whether a charge under Section 516 of the Criminal Code is appropriate where the conspiracy is of the nature and type provided for in section 37(2) of the Code

Whether a count for conspiracy to commit an offence should be merged with a count for the substantive offence

Whether a count of conspiracy should be included in a charge where a substantive count has been laid

Whether a court can infer conspiracy in the absence of evidence

Whether a person alone can be convicted for conspiracy where the other persons have been discharged and acquitted

Whether a person can be charged with conspiracy to commit subversion in the light of the Subversion Decree, 1972

Whether a person with no known accomplices can be convicted of conspiracy

Whether a statement by one conspirator is admissible against the others

Whether an accused person can be charged with committing the offence of conspiracy with others at large

Whether an accused person can be convicted for conspiracy in the absence of a co-accused

Whether an accused person can be discharged on a charge of conspiracy, but convicted on the substantive offence

Whether an accused person can be found guilty of the offence of conspiracy where the substantive offence is not proved

Whether an accused person charged with conspiracy is equally blameable for any act of the conspirators

Whether an accused person need not be charged with the offence of conspiracy before he is charged with a substantive offence

Whether an inference of conspiracy can be drawn from collateral circumstances

Whether conspiracy can be established from mere conjecture

Whether conspiracy can be proved by direct evidence

Whether conspiracy can remain in the intention of the alleged conspirators

Whether conspiracy to commit a crime must be proved independently of the commission of the crime

Whether conviction for the principal offence is a requirement for conviction for the offence of conspiracy

Whether each participant in a conspiracy is guilty of the conspiracy and the substantive offence

Whether evidence of what one person says in the absence of other conspirators is admissible against the others in an offence of conspiracy

Whether failure to bring a co-conspirator to court is fatal to proof of a charge of conspiracy

Whether it is a defence to a charge of conspiracy that the accused persons did not know of the meetings or the persons who originated the conspiracy

Whether it is enough to prove that two or more persons were engaged together in committing an offence without evidence that they concerted together in order to ground the offence of conspiracy

Whether it is imperative for the crime in respect of which the accused persons conspired to commit to be stated in the statement of offence

Whether it is necessary for the conspirators to know each other before the offence of conspiracy can be established

Whether it is necessary for the proof of conspiracy that the conspirators be seen together

Whether it is necessary in a conviction for conspiracy that the conspirators should come together for the purpose or that there should have been previous consultation

Whether it is necessary to prove guilty knowledge in order to secure a conviction on the charge of conspiracy

Whether it is necessary to prove that the conspirators were seen coming out from the same place at the same time

Whether one person can be guilty of the offence of conspiracy

Whether other conspirators can join a conspiracy at a later stage

Whether some accused persons charged with conspiracy can be convicted while the others are acquitted

Whether the actual commission of an offence is relevant to determining the fact of conspiracy

Whether the best evidence of conspiracy is one from the conspirators

Whether the commission of the actual offence must be proved in a charge of conspiracy

Whether the fact that the plea of only one person was taken is fatal to proof of a charge of conspiracy

Whether the failure to prove a substantive offence makes conviction for conspiracy inappropriate

Whether the offence of conspiracy can be proceeded upon in the absence of the substantive offence

Whether the offence of conspiracy conceived in one place could be tried in another place where the various overt acts were carried out

Whether the offence of conspiracy may be committed by persons who have never seen each other

Whether the offence of conspiracy to commit an offence is independent of the actual offence committed

Whether the use of the word "agreed” instead of “conspired” in a charge of conspiracy is fatal to the case of the prosecution

Whether there can be direct evidence of conspiracy

Whether there must be an agreement between the two minds

Whether there must be express agreement before common intention can be shown in conspiracy

Whether to establish the offence of conspiracy it is necessary for the conspirators to know each other or to know what each co-conspirator did

Whether where there is no evidence in proof of essential elements of a substantive offence, the charge of conspiracy is also devoid of proof

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