RULING
A. Introduction
[1] The principles that a party must bring forward his entire case when instituting an action, and that a party should not be vexed twice, are both exemplified by the Latin maxims, interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium (it is in the interest of the State that there be an end to litigation) and nemo debet bis vexari pro una eteadem causa (no one shall be twice vexed for the same cause). These principles are the foundation of the doctrine of res judicata.
[2] Put differently, once a party brings before the court his entire case, he will be bound by the resulting decision and will not be permitted to re-open that decision on the basis of matters which could have been raised, but which were not at the trial.
[3] Typically, after analysing all the evidence, the trial court will determine the controversy based on the evidence before it. In an appeal, the appellate court is concerned with the question whether the lower court has appreciated the evidence properly or not …