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Attributes of a good pleading
Distinction between pleading res judicata and pleading estoppel
Duty of a party to lead evidence on his pleadings
Duty of a pleader
Effect of a defendant not adducing evidence in support of his pleadings
Effect of a defendant offering no evidence in support of his pleadings
Effect of a defendant pleading that he can neither admit nor deny a particular averment
Effect of admission of a fact in dispute
Effect of an admission in pleadings
Effect of an averment not denied expressly or by necessary implication
Effect of a party abandoning his pleadings
Effect of a party's averment which is not denied
Effect of arguments advanced in departure from the pleadings
Effect of averments without evidence in proof
Effect of evidence led in respect of a fact not pleaded
Effect of evidence of a custom not pleaded
Effect of evidence outside pleadings
Effect of evidence which is at variance with pleadings
Effect of facts in a pleading admitted by the other party
Effect of facts not pleaded
Effect of failure of a defendant to meet the facts pleaded by the plaintiff directly
Effect of failure of a defendant to specifically deny an allegation in the statement of claim
Effect of failure of a party to give evidence in support of his pleadings or in challenge of the evidence of the other party
Effect of failure of the defendant to file pleadings
Effect of failure of the trial judge to take evidence from the parties and to determine the case on the merits after pleadings have been exchanged
Effect of failure to challenge a facts deposed to in a statement of claim
Effect of failure to controvert facts pleaded
Effect of failure to file a statement of defence/reply to counter-claim
Effect of failure to lead evidence in respect of facts pleaded
Effect of failure to lead evidence on pleadings
Effect of failure to plead a foreign law
Effect of failure to plead material facts
Effect of failure to plead that a party is a moneylender
Effect of failure to plead the facts relevant to the proof of an issue
Effect of failure to submit issues raised in pleadings for trial
Effect of illegality on pleadings
Effect of leading evidence which contradicts or fails to clarify facts pleaded in the statement of claim
Effect of pleadings not supported by a written deposition on oath
Effect of pleadings not supported by credible evidence
Effect of pleadings not supported by evidence
Effect of prevarication in pleadings
Effect of uncontroverted averments in pleadings
Form of pleadings
How a plaintiff may plead a previous judgment
How facts should be pleaded
How frustration of contract can be pleaded
How pleadings should be read
How the defence of statute of limitation should be pleaded
How to determine whether a fact has been admitted on the pleadings
How to determine whether an averment in pleading is denied by the other party
How to determine whether there is an admission in a party's pleadings
How to plead traditional history as root of title
Matters that must be specifically pleaded
Meaning and essence of pleadings
Meaning of pleadings
Nature of facts that should be pleaded
Need for a party alleging illegality of a contract that is not ex-facie illegal, to plead same
Need for a party relying on a special defence to specifically plead it
Need for a party to lead sufficient evidence in prove of the pleadings
Need for a party who pleads illegality to provide particulars of same
Need for a party who relies on the provisions of a statute as a defence to plead facts relied upon for bringing a particular transaction within the ambit of that statute
Need for evidence to be based on pleadings
Need for parties to strictly adhere to their pleadings
Need for pleadings to be sufficient, comprehensive and accurate
Need for statement of claim and evidence to speak the same language in a land matter
Need for the Court to consider the entire pleadings of the parties in determining the case before it
Need for the court to restrict itself to the issues raised by the parties in the pleadings
Need to plead the facts upon which the defence of qualified privilege is based
Need to prove averments contained in a pleading by evidence unless admitted
On when an issue will arise for trial in a case tried on the pleadings
Position of the law where a fact in the statement of claim is admitted in the statement of defence
Position of the laww here a party has pleaded more than he strictly needs to have done
Position of the law where facts in the amended statement of claim are admitted in the amended statement of defence
Principal rule of Pleadings
Principles governing evidence in respect of pleadings
Principles governing pleadings
Principles governing pleadings in an action commenced by originating summons
Proper order to be made where evidence adduced is at variance with pleadings
Purport of a denial
Purpose of pleadings
Status of pleading that fails to adequately define the material facts or issues in controversy
The aim of pleading
The basis of the rule that parties plead the case they intend to rely on
The duty of a party to plead relevant facts
The effect of pleading estoppel
The effect of pleadings on parties
The function of pleadings
The importance of pleadings
The main function of particulars and duty of a party to apply for particulars where the other party omits or neglects to provide it
The main purpose of filing pleadings
The need for pleadings to contain particulars where same is necessary
The need for the judgment of a court to be based on pleadings before it
The objective of pleading
The object of pleadings
The position of the law when, as a result of pleadings, a material fact is affirmed by one of the parties but denied by the other
The position of the law when issues are joined on the pleadings
The principle that allegations in a pleading not denied is deemed admitted
The principle that any fact admitted by a defendant in his pleadings is deemed established
The principle that a party is required to prove facts and not evidence
The principle that a party relying on a condition precedent must plead same
The principle that a traverse should not be evasive
The principle that averments do not constitute evidence
The principle that averments in the pleadings of a party not expressly controverted in the pleadings of another are deemed admitted
The principle that cases are fought on pleadings
The principle that courts are bound by pleadings of the parties
The principle that customary Law arbitration must be specifically pleaded
The principle that equitable defences must be specifically pleaded
The principle that essential allegations not specifically traversed or denied are deemed admitted by the adverse party
The principle that evidence based on a fact not pleaded goes to no issue
The principle that evidence not in support of a pleaded fact goes to no issue
The principle that evidence not pleaded goes to no issue
The principle that facts in a pleading are deemed admitted
The principle that facts not pleaded go to no issue
The principle that facts should be pleaded and not the evidence by which such facts are to be proved
The principle that if an agreement in writing is referred to in the pleadings, it becomes part of the pleadings
The principle that in a civil case, a party stands or falls by his pleadings
The principle that issues are joined in the pleadings and not in evidence
The principle that it is not necessary to plead subordinate facts once the essential facts are pleaded
The principle that only material facts should be pleaded
The principle that pleadings do not constitute evidence
The principle that pleadings must be considered as a whole
The principle that pleadings must be supported by evidence
The principle that what is not denied is deemed admitted and what is admitted needs no further proof
The proper order of pleadings and the effect of non-compliance
The purport of the rule that parties and the court are bound by the pleadings
The purport of the rule that parties are bound by their pleadings
The purpose and importance of pleadings
The rationale behind the principle that facts not pleaded go to no issue
The rationale behind the principle that parties and courts are bound by pleadings
The rationale behind the rule that parties are bound by their pleadings
The relationship between facts and pleadings
The relationship between pleadings and evidence
The requirement of the law for pleadings in a defamation action
The rule of pleadings in motor accident cases
The rule of pleading where it is intended to allege express malice in answer to the plea of fair comment or qualified privilege
The rule that a court cannot make a different case for the parties other than as contained in their pleadings
The rule that a party cannot set up a case inconsistent with his pleadings
The rule that a party must be consistent with her pleadings
The rule that a party relying on a special statutory provision for his defence or case must plead that defence specifically
The rule that a party who alleges forgery must plead the document and provide the particulars he relies on
The rule that a party who predicates his case on some particular facts must plead those particular facts
The rule that a plaintiff must be held to the case put forward in his pleadings
The rule that a plaintiff's averment of facts must be met frontally and categorically
The rule that a pleading must constitute a brief but comprehensive summary of the facts relied on by the pleader
The rule that cases decided on pleadings are decided on the issues joined in the pleadings
The rule that essential allegations must be traversed
The rule that evidence must be directed and confined to the proof or disproof of the issues as settled by the pleadings
The rule that facts averred by the plaintiff must be categorically denied or accepted by the defendant.
The rule that facts pleaded and on which no evidence is led goes to no issue and is deemed abandoned
The rule that if a defendant refuses to admit a particular allegation in the Statement of Claim or plan, he must state so specifically
The rule that in an action based on pleadings, issues are joined by the parties in their pleadings
The rule that issues for trial are raised in the pleadings
The rule that parties are bound by their pleadings
The rule that parties are bound to plead all facts they intend to rely upon at the trial
The rule that parties plead facts and not evidence
The rule that pleadings must contain only facts
The rule that pleadings should be sufficient, comprehensive and accurate
The rule that the defendant must deny specifically each allegation of fact in the plaintiff's statement of claim, otherwise it will be deemed established
The rule that the defendant's pleading shall deny all such material averments in the Statement of Claim as the Defendant intends to deny at the hearing
The rule that what is admitted on the pleadings needs no further proof
The rule that where a case is brought before the court by pleadings and issues are joined on the pleadings, the issues must be tried and settled on the pleadings
The rule that where issues are joined in the party's pleadings, such issues must proceed to trial and proved on preponderance of evidence
What a party can do where evidence has been led in respect of facts not pleaded
What a person relying on customary arbitration needs to aver in his pleadings
What a plaintiff must plead in an action arising out of a breach of contract
What a statement of claim and defence should contain
What constitutes an admission on the pleadings
What constitutes pleadings
What constitutes pleadings in an action commenced by originating summons
What pleadings connotes
When a plea of res judicata will arise and when a pleading of estoppel will arise
When are pleadings closed?
When the existence or non-existence of fact is said to be in issue
Whether a court can go outside the pleadings and issues joined
Whether a defendant can admit a fact not pleaded by the plaintiff
Whether a defendant can lead evidence on issues contained in the plaintiff's pleadings
Whether a defendant can rely on a defence based on a fact not stated in his statement of defence
Whether a defendant can rely on a defence which is based upon a fact or facts not stated in the statement of claim
Whether a defendant is entitled to rely upon a defence which is based upon facts not stated in the Statement of Claim
Whether a defendant or respondent is under a duty to ask for further or better particulars
Whether a document can be impliedly pleaded by reference to another pleaded document
Whether a document to be used in contradicting a witness is admissible in evidence even though it was not covered by the pleadings
Whether a foreign law must be pleaded
Whether a limitation statute must be specifically pleaded
Whether a matter on which parties have agreed needs to be proved
Whether a mere denial of the amount claimed is sufficient
Whether an admission needs to be pleaded
Whether an allegation of adultery must be specifically pleaded
Whether an allegation of bad faith must be pleaded with particularity
Whether a paragraph in a pleading can be read in isolation
Whether a party can approbate and reprobate on his pleadings
Whether a party can depart from his pleadings
Whether a party can go outside the case put forward by his pleadings
Whether a party can lead evidence on a point raised in the pleadings of his opponent
Whether a party can make a case contrary to his pleadings
Whether a party can plead a previous judgment in his favour
Whether a party can raise an issue not pleaded
Whether a party can raise a point of law in his pleading
Whether a party can refute what he knows nothing about
Whether a party can rely on averment contained in his opponent's pleadings
Whether a party can rely on issues which are not the basis of his claim or defence
Whether a party can rely on the pleading of his adversary
Whether a party can set out a conclusion of law in his pleadings
Whether a party has legal right to installment the facts he intends to rely upon at the trial
Whether a party is bound to state facts unfavourable to his case
Whether a party is expected to plead evidence
Whether a party is obliged to lead evidence in support of every averment in his pleadings
Whether a party is permitted to plead conclusions of law or of mixed fact and law
Whether a party is permitted to state a bland conclusion in a pleading without supporting particulars or reasons
Whether a party needs to plead that he has an equitable interest in a property
Whether a party relying on a special statutory provision for his defence or case must specifically plead that defence
Whether a party seeking to rely on illegality as a defence must specifically plead it
Whether a party seeking to rely on the Administration of Estates Law/Act must specifically plead same
Whether a party should plead legal consequences that should flow from facts pleaded
Whether a plaintiff can lead evidence on a point realised in the defendant's pleadings
Whether a plaintiff can plead res judicata
Whether a plaintiff may raise inconsistent claims in his pleadings
Whether a plaintiff must specifically plead facts and not the law from which the cause of action arose
Whether a plaintiff who raises an estoppel must plead it
Whether a plaintiff who was the defendant in a judgment pleaded can plead the judgment as res judicata
Whether a pleading in respect of which an order for amendment has been granted ceases to exist
Whether a plea that the defendant puts plaintiff to strict proof amounts to insufficient denial
Whether a specific section of a law must be pleaded
Whether crime must be specifically pleaded and proved
Whether customary Law must be specifically pleaded
Whether documentary evidence must be specifically pleaded
Whether documents in support of facts must be specifically pleaded
Whether documents must be pleaded
Whether documents referred to in a pleading become part of the pleading
Whether estoppel and acquiescence must be pleaded and the effect of not pleading them
Whether estoppel must be pleaded in a special form
Whether estoppel must be specifically pleaded
Whether evidence should be pleaded
Whether failure to file a reply to rebut an averment in a statement of defence amounts to an admission
Whether frustration of contract must be specifically pleaded
Whether hearing can be conducted at the Federal High Court without pleadings
Whether illegality must be pleaded; whether the court will take notice of illegality where the party relying on it fails to plead it
Whether illegality must be specifically pleaded
Whether illiteracy must be pleaded by a party who wishes to rely on it
Whether issue estoppel must be specifically pleaded
Whether it is enough to allege a fact without setting out subordinate facts or evidence
Whether it is necessary to plead a defence based on an equitable doctrine
Whether it is necessary to plead an equitable defence in a special form
Whether law must be specifically pleaded
Whether law should be pleaded
Whether once facts are pleaded, it is necessary to aver that such document would be relied on at the trial
Whether oral partition of land must be specifically pleaded
Whether particulars can take the place of averments in pleadings
Whether parties and the court are bound by pleadings
Whether parties are bound by their pleadings; effect of evidence not supported by pleadings
Whether pleadings constitute evidence
Whether pleadings in an earlier case can be referred to in a later case
Whether pleadings should contain evidence
Whether points of law can be pleaded
Whether res judicata is appropriate in a statement of claim
Whether statutes must be specifically pleaded
Whether survey plans form part of pleadings
Whether the claim for interest on delayed compensation must be pleaded and strictly proved
Whether the content of a document must be pleaded
Whether the court can consider evidence on a matter not pleaded
Whether the court can determine a matter based only on pleadings
Whether the court can determine the interpretation of a statutory provision and challenge to jurisdiction strictly on the pleadings
Whether the court can look for evidence from the other party where the plaintiff abandons his pleadings
Whether the court can refer to original pleadings which have been amended
Whether the court is bound by the pleadings of the parties
Whether the court is permitted to formulate issues not raised in the pleadings
Whether the court will discountenance an inelegantly drafted pleading
Whether the court will shut its eyes to irregularly filed pleadings
Whether the defence of laches, acquiescence and standing by must be pleaded
Whether the defences of estoppel or acquiescence must be pleaded
Whether the defendant can plead a previous judgment as res judicata
Whether the fact that averments in a pleading are not traversed renders is conclusive proof of the averments
Whether the issue of limitation of action must be specifically pleaded
Whether the legal result of a document or fact must be pleaded
Whether the phrase "tenancy-in-common" must be specifically pleaded
Whether there can be an issue for consideration formulated by a party that has abandoned his pleadings
Whether there is a better notice of the case a party intends to make than his pleadings
Whether there is a distinction between anon-disclosure of a cause of action and a default or the use of a wrong word or expression or the misuse of a word in pleadings
Whether there is a need to plead statutes and sections thereof expressly
Whether there is a special form of pleading the equitable defences of waiver or estoppel
Whether the rules of pleadings in civil proceedings are desirable
Whether traditional history must be specifically pleaded
Whether volenti non fit injuria must be specifically pleaded
Whether waiver must be specifically pleaded
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