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Duties of the trial judge in summing up

Duty of the court to direct the jury where the element of intent in the offense of murder is not proved

Effect of a summing up on insanity not based on section 52 of the Criminal Code

Effect of failure of the judge to, in his summing-up, put before the jury the defence of the accused

Effect of non-direction where a summing-up is found necessary

Effect of the failure of the trial judge to explain to the jury the distinction between murder and manslaughter in his summing-up

Need for a summing up to disclose to the jury the definitions and essential elements of the crime

The critical question in examining the summing up of a trial judge

The object of a summing up

The position of the law on summing up

The role of the judge in summing up

The rule that it is material facts that are explained to the jury

What a summing up should contain

What a trial Judge's summing up should contain where a charge of murder is considered to be reduced to manslaughter

Whether a judge can express his opinion in his summing up

Whether a Judge, in his summing-up, must sum up on the law and the evidence

Whether a summing up which has not occasioned a substantial miscarriage of justice affects the verdict of the jury

Whether the counsel of the accused person can draw the attention of the judge to any part of the summing-up considered to be inadequate

Whether the test in determining whether or not to sum up is a subjective one

Whether the trial judge can advance a theory of his own in his summing-up

Whether the trial judge has a duty to sum up the law and the evidence

Whether the trial judge in his summing up should deal with the issue of provocation where the substance of the defence was self-defence

Whether the trial judge must refer to conflicts of evidence in his summing up

Whether the use of “perception of right from wrong” rather than knowledge of the “nature or consequences of his act” in the trial judge's summing up amounts to a misdirection

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